Thermal energy storage (TES) is an innovative solution for managing energy supply and demand. By storing heat energy for later use, TES systems can improve the efficiency of renewable energy sources like solar and wind while providing reliable heating and cooling options for buildings.
There are three primary types of thermal energy storage: sensible heat storage, latent heat storage, and thermochemical storage. Sensible heat storage involves heating or cooling a material, such as water or molten salt, to store energy. Latent heat storage uses phase changes, like ice melting to water, to capture energy. Thermochemical storage stores energy in chemical bonds, releasing it during a reaction.
One of the most common applications of TES is in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. These plants use mirrors to focus sunlight onto a receiver, heating a fluid (like molten salt) that stores the energy. The stored heat can then be used to generate electricity even when the sun isn’t shining. TES is also used in urban heating and cooling systems, providing energy-efficient temperature regulation for buildings.
Thermal energy storage is a game-changer for renewable energy. By enabling energy to be stored and used on demand, TES systems can enhance grid stability, reduce energy waste, and help transition to a cleaner, more sustainable future.